Snakes such as royal pythons, corn snakes, and boas are popular pets across the UK. While they are often seen as “easy” reptiles, snakes have very specific care requirements. Many health problems arise from incorrect husbandry rather than disease. This guide explains the most common things that are harmful to pet snakes—and how to avoid them.
1. Incorrect Temperatures
Snakes rely on external heat to digest food and stay healthy.
Common temperature mistakes include:
- No heat gradient
- Enclosure too cold or overheating
- Heat sources without a thermostat
- Using heat mats incorrectly
Incorrect temperatures can cause regurgitation, poor digestion, respiratory infections, and lethargy.
2. Not Using a Thermostat
Every heat source must be controlled by a thermostat.
Risks of not using one:
- Burns
- Overheating
- Fire risk
- Chronic stress
In the UK climate, temperature fluctuations make thermostats essential, not optional.
3. Incorrect Humidity
Humidity requirements vary by species.
Problems caused by poor humidity include:
- Retained shed
- Respiratory infections
- Dehydration
- Scale rot
Always monitor humidity with a hygrometer and adjust as needed.
4. Unsafe Substrates
Substrate choice has a major impact on snake health.
Avoid:
- Cedar or pine bedding
- Very dusty substrates
- Gravel or stones
- Substrates that stay constantly wet
Incorrect substrates can cause respiratory issues, impaction, and skin infections.
5. Feeding Mistakes
Feeding errors are common with snakes.
Common problems include:
- Feeding prey that is too large
- Feeding too frequently
- Handling immediately after feeding
- Feeding live prey unnecessarily
Live feeding increases the risk of injury to your snake and should be avoided where possible.
6. Lack of Hides and Enrichment
Snakes need to feel secure.
Stress is caused by:
- No hiding spots
- Enclosures that are too open
- Constant handling
- Enclosures placed in high-traffic areas
A stressed snake may refuse food or become defensive.
7. Overhandling
Although snakes can tolerate handling, too much can be harmful.
Avoid:
- Handling during shedding
- Handling after feeding
- Handling juveniles excessively
- Handling when the snake is clearly stressed
Stress can weaken the immune system and reduce feeding response.
8. Incorrect Enclosure Size
Both under-sized and over-sized enclosures can cause issues.
Problems include:
- Lack of movement and muscle tone
- Inability to thermoregulate properly
- Increased stress if hides are insufficient
Enclosures should grow with the snake and be set up correctly at each stage.
9. Poor Hygiene
Dirty enclosures can quickly lead to illness.
Risks include:
- Bacterial infections
- Parasites
- Mites
- Scale rot
Spot clean regularly and deep clean using reptile-safe disinfectants.
10. Delaying Veterinary Care
Snakes hide illness extremely well.
Warning signs include:
- Weight loss
- Refusal to feed for extended periods
- Wheezing or open-mouth breathing
- Mites or abnormal shedding
Reptile welfare guidance from organizations such as the RSPCA and veterinary bodies like the British Veterinary Zoological Society stresses the importance of correct husbandry and early vet advice.
Final Thoughts
Most health issues in pet snakes are preventable with correct temperature control, humidity, enclosure setup, and feeding practices. Snakes may be low-maintenance compared to other pets, but they are not low-care.
If you’re ever unsure, seek advice from experienced keepers or reptile specialists. Proper care leads to calmer, healthier, and longer-lived snakes 🐍