Reptiles such as geckos, bearded dragons, skinks, and chameleons are becoming increasingly popular pets in the UK. However, lizards have very specific care needs, and many health problems seen by reptile vets are caused by common husbandry mistakes. This guide explains the most important things that are harmful to pet lizards—and how to avoid them.
1. Incorrect Temperature
Lizards rely entirely on external heat to regulate their body temperature.
Common problems include:
- No basking spot
- Temperatures too low or too high
- No temperature gradient in the enclosure
- Using heat mats incorrectly for species that need overhead heat
Incorrect temperatures can lead to digestive issues, immune suppression, and lethargy.
2. Lack of UVB Lighting
UVB lighting is essential for most lizard species.
Without UVB, lizards can suffer from:
- Metabolic Bone Disease (MBD)
- Weak or deformed bones
- Tremors and paralysis
- Poor appetite and growth
UVB bulbs should be replaced regularly, even if they still produce visible light.
3. Poor Diet and Nutrition
Many UK reptile health issues stem from incorrect feeding.
Common diet mistakes:
- Feeding only one type of insect
- Not dusting insects with calcium and vitamins
- Feeding inappropriate fruits or vegetables
- Overfeeding or underfeeding
Diet should be species-specific and balanced, with correct supplementation.
4. Unsafe Substrates
The wrong substrate can be dangerous.
Avoid:
- Loose sand for species prone to impaction
- Wood shavings (especially pine or cedar)
- Gravel or stones that can be swallowed
- Damp, mouldy bedding
Impaction is one of the most common and preventable reptile emergencies in the UK.
5. Incorrect Humidity
Humidity is just as important as temperature.
Problems caused by incorrect humidity include:
- Retained sheds
- Respiratory infections
- Dehydration
- Skin infections
Different lizards require different humidity levels, so research your species carefully.
6. Poor Enclosure Setup
Small or poorly designed enclosures cause stress.
Common issues include:
- Enclosures that are too small
- No hiding spots
- No climbing opportunities for arboreal species
- Inadequate ventilation
Stress weakens the immune system and reduces lifespan.
7. Handling Too Much or Incorrectly
Many lizards do not enjoy frequent handling.
Handling mistakes:
- Grabbing from above (predator behaviour)
- Handling juveniles excessively
- Handling during shedding or illness
- Letting lizards roam unsupervised
Stress from handling can cause appetite loss and injury.
8. Mixing Species or Housing Incorrectly
Not all lizards can live together.
Risks include:
- Fighting and injuries
- Competition for heat and food
- Stress and dominance behaviour
- Disease transmission
Even the same species may need to be housed separately.
9. Using Household Chemicals
Reptiles are highly sensitive to chemicals.
Keep reptiles away from:
- Aerosol sprays
- Disinfectants not designed for reptiles
- Insect sprays
- Strong-smelling cleaners
Always use reptile-safe cleaning products.
10. Delaying Veterinary Care
Reptiles hide illness extremely well.
Warning signs include:
- Weight loss
- Lethargy
- Poor appetite
- Abnormal faeces
- Swelling or deformities
Early advice from a reptile-experienced vet is crucial. Welfare organisations such as the British Veterinary Zoological Society and the RSPCA emphasise the importance of correct husbandry and early intervention.
Final Thoughts
Most problems seen in pet lizards are preventable with correct setup, lighting, diet, and care. Research your species thoroughly before buying, and never assume all reptiles have the same needs.
If you’re unsure about any aspect of care, seek advice from experienced reptile keepers or qualified professionals. Proper care leads to healthier, longer-lived reptiles 🦎